Self-organisation in psychotherapy processes

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Verlauf und die Bedingungen psychotherapeutischer Veränderungsprozesse. Verschiedene aus einem synergetischen Modell der Psychotherapie ableitbare Hypothesen werden einer Überprüfung unterzogen. In einer umfangreichen Prozess-Outcome-Studie wird der Annahme nachgegangen, dass erfolgreiche Psychotherapien selbstorganisierte Ordnungsübergänge und damit auch Phasen kritischer Instabilität durchlaufen. Die dynamische Struktur der täglich erhobenen subjektiven Einschätzungen von Befindlichkeit und therapiebezogenen Kognitionen der Patienten, die eine Behandlung auf der Station für psychosomatische Medizin des Universitätsklinikums Aachen erhalten haben, werden theoriegeleitet analysiert und mit multimethodal, multiperspektivisch erfassten therapeutischen Erfolgs-kriterien in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie ermutigen dazu, psychotherapeutische Veränderungen als selbstorganisierenden Prozess im Sinne der Synergetik zu sehen. Die Motivation und das persönliche Engagement des Patienten für die Therapie können als Kontrollparameter gelten. Kritische Fluktuationen werden wie erwartet bei erfolgreichen Therapien nachgewiesen. Sie sind um so ausgeprägter, je besser die Effektivität der Behandlung eingeschätzt wird. Zudem kommt es auf die zeitliche Abstimmung, auf den Kairos von Ereignissen und Interventionen an. Um sich auf Destabilisierungsprozesse einlassen zu können, sind das Erleben eines Sicherheit vermittelnden Kontextes, eine tragbare Therapeut-Patient-Beziehung sowie ein experimentierfreudiges und fehlerfreundliches Klima wesentliche Bedingungen. Dann ist es für den Patienten möglich, alte starre Muster aufzugeben und neue flexible zu entwickeln. Die Dissertation ist Teil eines Projektes, das der Zielsetzung folgt, einen substanziellen Beitrag zur Entwicklung eines schulenübergreifenden synergetischen Modells der Psychotherapie zu leisten, welches sowohl von hohem integrativen Wert als auch von hoher Praxisrelevanz für die optimale adaptive Gestaltung therapeutischer Veränderungsprozesse wäre.This thesis analyses the course and the conditions of psychotherapy-processes. Various hypotheses derived from a synergetic therapy model are reviewed. In a broad process-outcome-study it is investigated that successful psychotherapy is characterised by self-organised order-transitions. Therefore critical fluctuations in the therapy process will be expected. The daily gathered data of patients concerning emotions and cognitions will be analysed and correlated with therapeutic criteria that measure success. The result of this study encourages the view to interpret the psychotherapy-process as a self-organising process in accordance with synergetics. The client-motivation can be regarded as a control-parameter. In successful therapies critical fluctuations are proved. The more effective the client estimates the therapy process, the more distinctive critical fluctuations will appear. The coordination of events and interventions is of great importance. A safe therapeutic bond which allows the patient to experiment is an essential condition. Solely by these opportunities the patient will be enabled to give up rigid bio-psycho-social patterns and develop new flexible ones. This thesis is part of a project that aims to support the development of a synergetic model of psychotherapy. This model would allow us to integrate other forms of psychotherapy theories. The model as well is highly conducive to an optimal design of an adapted psychotherapy-process in practical therapy

Перспективы развития фундаментальных наук. Т. 1 : Физика

Сборник содержит труды участников XIII Международной конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых учёных "Перспективы развития фундаментальных наук". Включает доклады студентов, аспирантов и молодых учёных, представленные на секции "Физика". Сборник представляет интерес для студентов, аспирантов, молодых ученых и преподавателей

Multiplicity dependence of inclusive J/ψ production at midrapidity in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

Measurements of the inclusive J/ψ yield as a function of charged-particle pseudorapidity density dNch/dη in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with ALICE at the LHC are reported. The J/ψ meson yield is measured at midrapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the dielectron channel, for events selected based on the charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity (|η| < 1) and at forward rapidity (−3.7 < η < −1.7 and 2.8 < η < 5.1); both observables are normalized to their corresponding averages in minimum bias events. The increase of the normalized J/ψ yield with normalized dNch/dη is significantly stronger than linear and dependent on the transverse momentum. The data are compared to theoretical predictions, which describe the observed trends well, albeit not always quantitatively

Measurement of the Cross Sections of Ξc0\Xi^0_{c} and Ξc+\Xi^+_{c} Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR(Ξc0→Ξ−e+νe\Xi^0_{c} \rightarrow \Xi^-{e}^+\nu_{ e})/BR(Ξc0→Ξ−π+\Xi^0_{c} \rightarrow \Xi^-\pi^+) in pp collisions at 13 TeV

The $p_T$-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ$_c^0$ and Ξ$_c^+$ were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ$_c^0$ baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ$^-$e$^+$ν$_e$) and the hadronic decay (Ξ$^-$π$^+$) channels. The Ξ$_c^+$ baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ$^-$π$^+$π$^+$) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ$_c^0$→Ξ$^-$e$^+$ν$_e$)/BR(Ξ$_c^0$→Ξ$^-$π$^+$) = 1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum ($p_T$) dependence of the Ξ$_c^0-$ and Ξ$_c^+$-baryon production relative to the D$^0$ meson and to the Σ$_c^{0,+,++}$- and Λ$_c^+$-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low $p_T$ up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e$^+$e$^-$) and hadronic collisions

Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=2.76 TeV

The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to Monte Carlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as a function of mid- and forward rapidity multiplicities in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV

The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidity density of charged particles in proton–proton (pp) collisions at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}~=~5.02$, 7 and 13 TeV measured by ALICE is reported. The analysis relies on track segments measured in the midrapidity range ($|\eta | < 1.5$). Results are presented for inelastic events having at least one charged particle produced in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta |<1$. The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidity density of charged particles is measured with mid- and forward rapidity multiplicity estimators, the latter being less affected by autocorrelations. A detailed comparison with predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC event generators is also presented. The results can be used to constrain models for particle production as a function of multiplicity in pp collisions

Measurement of the low-energy antideuteron inelastic cross section

In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of 0.3 ≤ p < 4 GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the geant4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through the detector material. The analysis of the raw primary (anti)proton spectra serves as a benchmark for this study, since their hadronic interaction cross sections are well constrained experimentally. The first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions averaged over the ALICE detector material with atomic mass numbers ⟨A⟩ = 17.4 and 31.8 is obtained. The measured inelastic cross section points to a possible excess with respect to the Glauber model parametrization used in geant4 in the lowest momentum interval of 0.3 ≤ p < 0.47 GeV/c up to a factor 2.1. This result is relevant for the understanding of antimatter propagation and the contributions to antinuclei production from cosmic ray interactions within the interstellar medium. In addition, the momentum range covered by this measurement is of particular importance to evaluate signal predictions for indirect dark-matter searches